Overview
Gum recession is a periodontal condition in which the gum margin migrates away from the crown and exposes root surface. Once roots are exposed, teeth are more vulnerable to sensitivity, root caries, abrasion, and progressive tissue loss.
Many patients notice recession only after symptoms become obvious. Early diagnosis is important because minor recession is easier to stabilize than advanced recession.
Common Causes
The most frequent contributors are:
- Plaque-driven inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis)
- Traumatic or incorrect brushing technique
- Thin gingival phenotype
- Orthodontic movement outside the bony envelope
- Bruxism and occlusal overload
- High frenum pull in specific lower anterior cases
In most patients, recession is multifactorial and requires specialist evaluation to define the dominant risk pattern.
Why Early Treatment Matters
If untreated, recession defects can deepen and widen over time. This can lead to:
- Persistent sensitivity to cold or touch
- Higher risk of root decay
- Increased plaque retention around exposed root areas
- Progressive aesthetic imbalance of the smile
- More complex surgery if intervention is delayed
Treatment Pathway
Treatment is selected according to defect type, tissue phenotype, and active inflammation status.
1. Initial stabilization
Before surgery, periodontal inflammation and home care technique must be corrected. In selected cases, this alone can stop progression.
2. Non-surgical control
Scaling/root planing, oral hygiene coaching, and risk-factor correction are used to create a stable biologic environment.
3. Surgical root coverage (when indicated)
Depending on defect morphology, treatment can include minimally invasive root coverage approaches or connective tissue graft-based procedures to restore soft tissue thickness and coverage.
Prevention Checklist
- Use a soft toothbrush and pressure-controlled brushing technique.
- Clean interdentally every day.
- Attend periodontal maintenance visits on schedule.
- Address grinding/clenching with protective protocols when indicated.
- Seek specialist review at the first sign of recession or sensitivity.
Clinical Advice
Recession is usually manageable when diagnosed early. If you notice exposed roots, sensitivity, or changing gum levels, book a periodontal assessment promptly.